Motivation can have positive or negative results on health. Motivation can either influence us to eat healthy and/or participate in physical activity or it can be what causes us to eat that extra cook and/or skip our gym session. When promotion health it is important to examine the influences of motivation on individuals' actions.
|
Motivational Regulations:
(Types of motivation that influences individuals' decisions)
Motivation can be divided into two types: intrinsic (internal) motivation and extrinsic (external) motivation.
Motivation can be divided into two types: intrinsic (internal) motivation and extrinsic (external) motivation.
Introjectedis when a person participates in an activity to avoid guilt and shame.
|
External motivationis when an individual participates to obtain a reward or avoid punishment
|
Identified motivationis when a person engaged
in an activity to attain a desired outcome |
Integrated motivationoccurs when an activity is congruent with a person’s personal values, goals, or
needs. |
In many studies it was found that people participate in physical activity, and keep it up due to their own motivational regulations. When looking at nationwide programs that will benefit everyone it is important to create a program that would address all of these types of motivation (Brunet, 2011).
Conditioning Theories:
Behavioral psychologists have long made a set of distinctions between classical/Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental/operant conditioning (Dayan, 2002). Both forms of conditioning concern the ways that animals learn to predict and respond to important events in their environments, such as the delivery of appetitive and aversive stimuli (food/water and mild electric shocks, respectively) (Dayan, 2002).
|
References:
Brunet, Jennifer, Sabiston, Catherine M. Exploring Motivation for Physical Activity across the Adult Lifespan. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2011: 12:2:99-105.
Dayan, Peter, Balleine, Bernard. "Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning". Neuron 2002: 36; 2: 285-298.
Leahey, Tricia, Crane, Melissa M., Pinto, Angela Marinilli, Weinberg, Brad, Kumar, Rajiv, Wing, Rena R. Effect of Teammates on Changes in Physical Activity in a Statewide Campaign. Preventative Medicine. 2010: 51:1: 45-49.
Stunkard, Albert, Cohen, Rita, Felix, Michael. “Weight Loss Competitions at the Worksite: How They Work and How Well”. Preventative Medicine 1989; 474: 18: 460-474.